Circadian Rhythm

   

      We all make timetable for our work, and we work on that perfect clock time. As the same our body also have a clock known as biological clock and that biological clock produce a circadian rhythm and regulate their timing.

Circadian rhythm:

Circadian rhythm is known as internal clocks that is present within human beings. These internal clocks control our sleep - wake rhythm/cycle. It also controls our metabolism, body temperature, cognition and many more things. There are many factors that regulate and control of circadian rhythm like light, darkness, and aging. Brain has great role in controlling the cycle.
To know more about circadian rhythms

Let's jump little deeper:

In 2017 three scientist name Jeffrey C Hall, Michael Rosbach and Michael young discovered the molecular mechanism of circadian rhythm and they get physiology Nobel Prize 2017.

  These three-scientist discovered that the circadian rhythm is regulated by the period gene which undergoes its oscillation. The PER protein facilitates the oscillation cycle.  These per protein is present in eye tissue, ovaries, brain neurons and in salivary gland. Scientist found that this PER protein work with TIMELESS gene and that gene code for TIM protein. These per protein work as shuttle between cytoplasm and nucleus and that regulates/maintain the level of PER mRNA.

MASTER CLOCK:

Circadian rhythm is related to our brain, and it is called master clock. In human, master clock is a bunch of 20000 neurons that creates a structure called SCN (suprachiasmatic nucleus) these SCN is present in hypothalamus and receives direct light from the eyes.

    Regulation of timing that is circadian rhythm determines our sleeping pattern. Melatonin is a hormone that are responsible for sleep, and the production of melatonin is regulates by SCN that is our master clock.
Circadian rhythm has two clocks, one is central clock that is located in the SCN and other is peripheral clock that is located in all tissue and organ.

  

Role of light:

When light comes from optic nerve from else to the brain the SCN indicated or stimulates the brain for the production of more melatonin. And thats the reason why people get drowsy. These happen like vice-versa when there is lighter. 

Effect of night shift work: 

Rhythm is disturbed by night shift work and may lead to specific diabetes and cancer. Not only night work but the blue light that comes from your laptop or mobile also disrupt the rhythm by suppressing the production of hormone melatonin by prolong release of PER protein.

Jet lag:

Disruption of circadian rhythm due to traveling to the different time zone is known as jet lag. (scientific term: Circadian dysrhythmia) for jet lag disorder there is no need of any medical treatment because it is a temporary disorder.  Not only light but physical activity also influence of circadian clock. Exercise can improve or reduce the risk of Disruption of circadian rhythmicity. But further research still needs to know the depth of these all reasons.

I Hope you liked it, Thank you :)

@Maulik Ramanandi.